《薄冰英语语法》作者:薄冰_第54頁
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们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了。
(三)基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns):英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:
1)主 + 动(SV)例如:I work. 我工作。
  2)主 + 动 + 表(SVP)例如:John is busy. 约翰忙。
3)主 + 动 + 宾(SVO)例如:She studies English. 她学英语。
4)主 + 动 + 宾 + 补(SVOC)例如:Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。
5)主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾(SVOiOd)例如:My mother made me a new dress. 我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。

13.1 祈使句结构
  祈使句用以表达命令,要求,请求,劝告等。
1)祈使句有两种类型,一种是以动词原形开头,在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。例如:
    Take this seat. 坐这儿。
    Do be careful. 务必小心。
  否定结构:例如:
    Don't move. 不准动。
    Don't be late. 不要迟到。
2)第二种祈使句以let开头。
   Let 的反意疑问句:
  a. Let's 包括说话者。例如: 
   Let's have another try, shall we / shan't we? = Shall we have another try? 我们再试一次,如何?
    b. Let us 不包括说话者。例如:
   Let us have another try,will you / won't you? = Will you please let us have another try? 你让我们再试一次,好吗?
  否定结构:例如:
  Let's not talk of that matter. 不要谈这件事。
  Let us not talk of that matter. 你不要让我们谈这件事。

13.2 感叹句结构
  感叹句通常有what, how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词,副词或动词,感叹句结构主要有以下几种:
  掌握它的搭配,即掌握了感叹句的重点。
How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序。例如:How clever a boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子!
How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。例如:How lovely the baby is! 小毛头真可爱!
What +名词+陈述语序。例如:What noise they are making! 他们真吵!
What +a+形容词+名词+陈述语序。例如:What a clever boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子!
What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。例如:What wonderful ideas (we have)! 我们的主意真棒!
What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序。例如:What cold weather it is! 多冷的天!
What a clever boy he is!的省略形式为:What a clever boy!

典型例题
1)___ food you've cooked!
A. How a nice  B. What a nice  C. How nice  D. What nice
  答案D. 由于How 修饰形容词,副词;what修饰名词。且food为不可数名词,因此A,B 排除。C的 How + adj. 后面不能再加名词,因此只有D正确,其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数)。
2)___terrible weather we've been having these days! 
A. What  B. What a  C. How  D. How a 
  答案A. weather为不可数名词,B,D排除。C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有A,符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。
3) --- _____ I had!
   --- You really suffered a lot.
A. What a time  B. What time   C. How a time   D. how time
  答案A. 感叹句分两类:
     1:What + n.+主谓部分
     2:How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种,但省略了bad,相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。

13.3 强调句结构
常用的强调句结构是it 引导的句子,结构为It is(was)+ 被强调部分+ that(who) + 句子的其余部分。此结构强调的成分限于主语,宾语和状语。例如:
  It is from the sun that we get light and heat. 我们是从太阳那儿获取光和热。
  It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs. 知道读了你的信,我才知道实际情形。
典型例题
1)It was last night ___ I see the comet.
A. the time B. when  C. that  D. which
  答案C. 强调句的结构是: It +be +强调部分 + that (who))+ 主谓句。 强调句的连词只有两个,that和who。当强调的部分是人,且为句子的主语时,才用 "who",其余用that。再如:原句:My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语: It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.$本$作$品$由$$網$友$整$理$上$傳$
强调宾语: It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间: It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)
强调地点: It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
A. that B. when  C. since  D. as
  答案C. 考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是,去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It is…that',只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。

13.4 用助动词进行强调
  句子的强调句还可以用助动词do (did,does) 强调谓语。例如:
  She does like this horse. 她的确喜欢这匹马。
  Please do take care of yourself. 千万保重。

13.5 反意疑问句
1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I。例如:
   I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I? 我跟你姐一样高,对吗?
2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。例如:
I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想与你说句话,行吗?
3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。例如:
    Some plants never blown (开花), do they ? 有些植物从不开花,对吗?
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。例如:
   He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he? 他应该知道该做什么,对吗?
5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。例如:
   We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? 我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿,是吗?
6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或
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