assailed my nose. All that delighted me
even more than the silk trees and the glittering spire.
Is it exclusively due to the above-mentioned that I’ve developed a liking for predawn
Beijing? No. for 30 years, I’ve been bogged down in the mire of meetings. To tell you the
truth, with the experience accumulated over the 30 years, I’m now scared of meetings. In
the daytime, there is no telling when I may be served a notice for attending a meeting. To
exaggerate it a bit, that keeps me in constant suspense and makes me fidgety. Even when
no meeting is to take place, I feel restless all the same. However, my experience tells that it
is only during the predawn hours that I can be truly havened from any involvement in
meetings. As soon as I sit at my desk before dawn, something similar to the conditioned
reflex will begin to function within me: Instantly I’ll pick up my pen to play my proper
part with perfect peace of mind. Then inspiration comes gushing to my mind and my
memory becomes as quick as a newly-sharpened knife. I’ll feel overjoyed, almost to the
point of waving my arms and stamping my feet.
In short, I love Beijing, especially predawn Beijing.
注释
季羡林(1911- ),教育家、梵文翻译家,散文家。本文是季羡林于1985年2月11日写的
一篇小品文。
(1)“黎明前的北京”除译为predawn Beijing外,也可译为Beijing Before Dawn或Beijing Before
Daybreak。
(2)“算是一个老北京了”除译为I can well call myself a long-timer of Beijing外,也可译为I‘m eligible for being called a long-timer of Beijing。又long-timer也可用old-timer代替。
(3)“北京的妙处”是上句“北京的名胜古迹“的补充,故译为nay, its superb attractions,其
中nay是副词,作“不仅如此”解,是译文中添加的成分。
(4)“有一点……老北京并不了解”译为there is one thing lying unknown to… long-time
residents,其中lying和remaining同义。
(5)“在什么报上读过一篇文章”译为I hit upon a newspaper article,其中to hit upon是成语,
作“偶然发现”解,和to come across、to find by chance等同义。
(6)“我则怡然自得”意即“我却觉得很惬意”,故译为whereas I myself find it quite agreeable。
(7)“此时当然看不到了”译为would no longer be visible now in the morning haze,
(8)“香气幽然袭来”意即“香气悄悄地扑鼻而来”,故译为the quiet fragrance…assailed my nose
(或nostrils)。
(9)“开会迷”在文中并不指“对开会着迷”或“特别爱好开会”。它的真正意思却是“陷入
繁多的的会议之中”或者“疲于应付各种会议”,因此可译为I’ve been bogged down in the more of meetings或I’ve been bogged down in meetings。
(10)“只有在黎明以前……没有哪里会找你开会的”译为it is only during the predawn hours that
I can be havened from any involvement in meetings,灵活处理,其中havened是由名词haven(避难所)转化为动词的。因此be havened from的意思是“免受……之忧”。
(11)“‘文思’如泉水喷涌”中的“文思”实际上指“灵感”,现将全句译为Then inspiration
comes gushing to my mind。
文学批评无用论
季羡林
读最近一期的《文学评论》,里面有几篇关于“红学” (1)的文章,引起了我的注
意。有的作者既反省(2),又批判。有的作者从困境中找出路。有的作者慨叹,“红学”
出危机。如此等等,煞是热闹。文章的论点都非常精彩,很有启发。但是,我却忽然
想到了一个怪问题:这样的“红学”有用处吗?对红学家本身,对在大学里和研究所
里从事文学理论研究的人,当然有用。但是对广大的《红楼梦》的读者(3)呢?我看(4)是
没有用处。
《红楼梦》问世二百年以来(5),通过汉文原文和各种译文读过本书的人,无虑多
少个亿。这样多的读者哪一个是先看批评家的文章,然后再让批评家牵着鼻子走,按
图索骥地去读原作呢(6)?我看是绝无仅有(7)。一切文学作品,特别是像《红楼梦》这
样伟大的作品(8),内容异常地丰富,涉及到的社会层面异常地多,简直像是一个宝山,
一座迷宫。而读者群就更为复杂,不同的家庭背景,不同的社会经历,不同的民族,
不同的国家,不同的文化传统,不同的心理素质,不同的年龄,不同的性别,不同的
职业,不同的爱好——还可以这样“不同”下去,就此打住——,他们来读《红楼梦》,
会各就自己的特点,欣赏《红楼梦》中的某一个方面,受到鼓舞,受到启发,引起了←←文←檔←共←享←與←在←線←閱←讀←
喜爱;也可能受到打击(9),引起了憎恶,总之是千差万别。对这此读者来说,“红学
家”就好像是住在“太虚幻境” (10)里的圣人、贤人,与自己无关。他们不管“红学
家”究竟议论些什么,只是读下去,读下去。
因此我说,文学批评家无用。
不但对读者无用,对作者也无用。查一查各国文学史,我敢说,没有哪一个伟大
作家是根据文学批评家的理论来进行创作的。
那么,文学批评家的研究不就是毫无意义了吗?也不是的。他们根据自己的文学
欣赏的才能,根据不同时代潮流,对文学作品提出自己的看法,互相争论,互相学习,
互相启发,互相提高,这也是一种创作活动,对文学理论的建设会有很大的好处。只
是不要幻想,自己的理论会对读者和作者有多大影响。这样一来,就可以各安其业,
天下太平了。
上面这些话其实只有幼儿园的水平(11),可是还没有见有什么人这样坦率地说出
来。就让我当一个“始作俑者”吧!
On the Futility of Literary Criticism
Ji Xianlin
In the latest issue of the Literary Review, several articles on Redology have attracted
my attention. Some of the authors are introspective as well as critical; some try to find a
way out of their academic predicament; some sigh with regret that Redology is faced with
a crisis; and so on and so forth. The discussion is quite animated. The arguments set forth
in articles are very interesting and enlightening. Nevertheless, a strange question has
occurred to me: Is this kind of Redology of any use at all? It is of course useful to th